|
--> }} The Parsley Massacre; also referred to as ''El Corte'' (the cutting) by Dominicans and as ''Kout kouto a'' (the knife blow) by Haitians; was a genocidal massacre carried out in fall 1937 against the Haitian population living in the borderlands of the Dominican Republic with Haiti at the direct order of Dominican President Rafael Trujillo. Estimates of the total number of deaths vary considerably and range from a low of 547 to a high of 12,166 (see table below).〔Crassweller mentions those estimates and adds that "a figure of 15,000 to 20,000 would be reasonable, but this is guesswork". Robert D. Crasweller, ''The Life and Times of a Caribbean Dictator'', New York, The Macmillan Company, 1966, p. 156.〕〔Lauro Capdevila, ''La dictature de Trujillo : République dominicaine, 1930–1961'', Paris, L'Harmattan, 1998〕〔Roorda mentions 12,000 as a likely figure. Eric Paul Roorda, "Genocide Next Door: The Good Neighbor Policy, the Trujillo Regime, and the Haitian Massacre of 1937" in ''Diplomatic History'', Vol 20, Issue 3, July 1996, p. 301.〕 ==Origin of the name== The popular name〔The name used by historians and scholars is ''Haitian massacre of 1937''. The expression "Parsley Massacre" appears nowhere in works published by Trujillo Era scholars such as Jésus de Galindez (1956), Robert D. Crassweller (1966), Eric Paul Roorda (1996), Lauro Capdevila (1998) and Lauren Derby (2009).〕 for the massacre came from the shibboleth that the dictatorial Trujillo had his soldiers apply to determine whether or not those living on the border were native Afro-Dominicans or immigrant Afro-Haitians. Dominican soldiers would hold up a sprig of parsley to someone and ask what it was. How the person pronounced the Spanish word for parsley (''perejil'') determined their fate. French and Haitian Creole pronounce the ''r'' as a uvular approximant—thus, their speakers can have difficulty pronouncing the alveolar tap or trill of Spanish. The Dominican soldiers realized that most Haitians had difficulty pronouncing ''perejil'', so if the person could pronounce ''perejil'' with a trill, they considered that person Dominican and let him or her live. However, they considered people who pronounced ''perejil'' without the trill as Haitian, and executed them. Though the term ''Parsley Massacre'' was used frequently in the English-speaking media during the commemoration of 75 years after the event (October 2012), most scholars recognize that this is a misconception, as research by Lauren Derby shows that this explanation is based more on myth than on personal accounts. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Parsley Massacre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|